Difference between revisions of "Glossary:Graphics card"

Latest revision as of 20:55, 16 February 2024

Resolutions

Video settings

Hardware

Computers have always had to display their output in some way, and for the most part that was done as a text only interface, only later with future systems did the default interface become graphical. Back in that time, systems had built-in dedicated hardware for drawing the interface and graphics, once DirectX and 3D Gaming started to become popular, more powerful graphics were needed to render games at decent speeds if at all, this is where Graphics cards from 3DFX, Nvidia, and ATI (Later bought by AMD) come into play, these were addon cards which housed powerful graphics processing units and their own memory which added increased graphics capability to systems that didnt have them previously.

Dedicated versus integrated graphics

Graphics come in two forms, dedicated and integrated. Dedicated graphics have a bigger processor and their own memory (VRAM) seperate from the central processor which offers better performance. They are often separate cards that are added to a computer, whilst laptops and other forms of computers have built-in dedicated graphics. Integrated graphics are part of the CPU or motherboard, stopping the need for an additional card at the expense of performance. Usually memory is shared with the computer's RAM, with a small amount of dedicated video memory, which reduces the amount of total usable memory that a system has.

Both AMD and Intel provide their CPUs with integrated graphics, but AMD also sells a line of "APUs" (Accelerated Processing Units) that have increased graphics performance making them more suitable for gaming.

Switchable graphics

Gaming / Workstation laptops come with dedicated graphics processors that are usually used when running a intensive workload or game, but this isn't always the case since the operating system has to decide whether a task is intensive enough to warrant using the dedicated processor, which can lead some tasks or games to run poorly. Systems can rely on several mechanisms to decide what processor to use, like using the dedicated when plugged in and integrated when on battery. Nvidia's Optimus technology is one such example of switchable graphics.

Multiple GPUs

Some graphics cards can be used in tandem with up to 3 other graphics cards to boost the overall output of the cards. With Nvidia cards this technique is called SLI, with AMD/ATI cards it is called Crossfire. Nvidia's technology requires video cards that are exactly the same type (e.g. A GTX 760 and another GTX 760). AMD/ATIs technology requires cards from the same series (e.g. A HD7970 can be combined with a HD 7950). This feature's benefit has always been variable and doesn't give a perfect 2x performance boost, if any boost at all. As time went on, the feature got prioritized less and less until being dropped entirely from Nvidia cards starting with RTX 4000.^[1]

Identifying the graphics card

Run dxdiag^[2]

For Windows systems:

Run the DirectX Diagnostic Tool (DXDiag)
Go to the Display tab. The computer's video card is listed there.
If you're on a device with switchable graphics, you may have to go to the Render tab.

Overclocking

Overclocking is causing the GPU to run at speeds beyond what the manufacturer recommends. Overclocking can damage the GPU if performed improperly, If done properly can provide a notable increase in performance can be achieved. The gain further depends on the type of GPU and type of workload/game. It is recommended to look up corresponding information online to see the "sweet spot" of the GPU to overclock.

Overclocking can be done through software like EVGA's Precision X, MSI's Afterburner, or AMD's Radeon Software.

Please note that overclocking will usually void the warranty and that it increases the chance of a GPU malfunctioning. Overclocking is done at the risk of the user and is not recommended for novices.

GPU scaling

GPU scaling allows the GPU to determine how non-native resolutions are displayed on the display. If configured to perform scaling on the Display, the video scaler of the monitor will determine it instead. Some TVs and other non-monitor displays may show black borders on widescreen resolutions. GPU scaling does not affect this; see Overscan for solutions, See the glossary page for more information.

Overscan/Underscan

Overscan article on Wikipedia

Overscan and underscan refer to the behavior of certain television sets and displays to show the image incorrectly; typically as a result of misaligned configurations or expectations between the TV/display and the graphics card that sends out the video signal. This is an issue that originates from how early analogue televisions had quite loose manufacturing standards, and the different^[3] solution that TV producers came up with to counteract these differences. While the overscan article on Wikipedia covers the subject in more detail, the importance of it is that the solution that TV producers came up involved adding black borders around the actual image that was sent. So instead of a video signal only containing the intended image to be displayed and nothing else, the signal would also include black borders around said image.

Underscan refers to when TVs/displays shows the black borders around the image that was added by the source device to the video signal. The receiving display end up showing these black borders because the black borders were not expected to be a part of the video signal, or the TVs/displays expected the black borders to be smaller than what they are sent as.
Overscan refers to when TVs/displays crops parts of the actual image. The receiving display does this because it expected additional black borders around the image to be a part of the video signal, but in fact the video signal either did not include black borders at all or the black borders were smaller than expected.

The solution to both scenarios is to tweak both or either device so that their configuration matches each other properly. For a crisper result, disable or tweak the settings of the display if at all possible before implementing overscan correction on the graphics card end.

How-to's

Glide Emulation

The 3Dfx Voodoo card was the first true 3D accelerated video card (prior cards simply increased the number and sizes of available display modes and/or increased the color depth available). It utilized its own unique API known as Glide, which itself was simply a subset of the OpenGL API. Unfortunately after their acquisition by Nvidia, their Glide API was abandoned and Nvidia did little to add support for it. Luckily it can be emulated through various tools:

References

↑ A Farewell To SLI - last accessed on 2024-02-16
↑ Verified by User:Mine18 on 2024-02-16
↑ TVs are all awful | mjg59

[1] A Farewell To SLI - last accessed on 2024-02-16

[2] Verified by User:Mine18 on 2024-02-16

[3] TVs are all awful | mjg59

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Beginner}}
+{{Video settings sidebar}}
-==Introduction==
+Computers have always had to display their output in some way, and for the most part that was done as a text only interface, only later with future systems did the default interface become graphical. Back in that time, systems had built-in dedicated hardware for drawing the interface and graphics, once DirectX and 3D Gaming started to become popular, more powerful graphics were needed to render games at decent speeds if at all, this is where Graphics cards from 3DFX, Nvidia, and ATI (Later bought by AMD) come into play, these were addon cards which housed powerful graphics processing units and their own memory which added increased graphics capability to systems that didnt have them previously.
-The Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is the processor that renders and outputs video from your computer to your screen. A single graphics card can contain one or two physical GPUs.
+==Dedicated versus integrated graphics==
+Graphics come in two forms, dedicated and integrated. Dedicated graphics have a bigger processor and their own memory (VRAM) seperate from the central processor which offers better performance. They are often separate cards that are added to a computer, whilst laptops and other forms of computers have built-in dedicated graphics. Integrated graphics are part of the CPU or motherboard, stopping the need for an additional card at the expense of performance. Usually memory is shared with the computer's RAM, with a small amount of dedicated video memory, which reduces the amount of total usable memory that a system has.
-==GPU Manufacturers==
+Both AMD and Intel provide their CPUs with integrated graphics, but AMD also sells a line of "APUs" (Accelerated Processing Units) that have increased graphics performance making them more suitable for gaming.
-The three main consumer GPU makers are [[Nvidia]], [[AMD]], and [[Intel]].
-Nvidia and AMD produce GPUs for use on mainboards and graphics cards. Nvidia's consumer line is marketed under the GeForce brand, and AMD's under the Radeon brand.
+==Switchable graphics==
+Gaming / Workstation laptops come with dedicated graphics processors that are usually used when running a intensive workload or game, but this isn't always the case since the operating system has to decide whether a task is intensive enough to warrant using the dedicated processor, which can lead some tasks or games to run poorly.
+Systems can rely on several mechanisms to decide what processor to use, like using the dedicated when plugged in and integrated when on battery. Nvidia's Optimus technology is one such example of switchable graphics.
-Intels initial offerings in the consumer GPU space were under the Intel Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) brand which are found on mainboards and served only to provide basic video functionality to PCs. Very near the end-of-life for the GMA brand, Intels chipset integrated chips began to compete with older, very basic GPUs from Nvidia and AMD; they are able to play old games at reduced settings. Recently Intel began moving away from chipset integrated graphics, and with the Core i3/5/7 line of chips began offering GPUs built into the CPU die. The current best offering is their HD3000 graphics core, found in some Sandy Bridge chips; it is capable of competing with basic cards in the current generation.
+==Multiple GPUs==
+Some graphics cards can be used in tandem with up to 3 other graphics cards to boost the overall output of the cards. With Nvidia cards this technique is called SLI, with AMD/ATI cards it is called Crossfire. Nvidia's technology requires video cards that are exactly the same type (e.g. A GTX 760 and another GTX 760). AMD/ATIs technology requires cards from the same series (e.g. A HD7970 can be combined with a HD 7950). This feature's benefit has always been variable and doesn't give a perfect 2x performance boost, if any boost at all. As time went on, the feature got prioritized less and less until being dropped entirely from Nvidia cards starting with RTX 4000.<ref>{{Refurl|url=https://youtu.be/sKHrLA2whNo|title=A Farewell To SLI|date=2024-02-16}}</ref>
-==Identifying your Graphics Card==
+==Identifying the graphics card==
-===Using DirectX Diagnostics===
+{{Fixbox|description=Run dxdiag|ref=<ref>{{Refcheck|user=Mine18|date=2024-02-16}}</ref>|fix=
-Windows Vista/Windows 7:
+For Windows systems:
-# Type <code>dxdiag</code> into the Start search and hit enter
+# Run the DirectX Diagnostic Tool (DXDiag)
-Windows XP:
+# Go to the Display tab. The computer's video card is listed there.
-# Type <code>dxdiag</code> into Run
+# If you're on a device with switchable graphics, you may have to go to the Render tab.
-# On the 'Display' tab it should list your Device.
+}}
-===Checking the physical card===
+==Overclocking==
-Graphics cards will have information either printed on them or on a sticker which will help with identification.
+Overclocking is causing the GPU to run at speeds beyond what the manufacturer recommends. Overclocking can damage the GPU if performed improperly, If done properly can provide a notable increase in performance can be achieved. The gain further depends on the type of GPU and type of workload/game. It is recommended to look up corresponding information online to see the "sweet spot" of the GPU to overclock.
-===Using GPU-Z===
+Overclocking can be done through software like EVGA's Precision X, MSI's Afterburner, or AMD's Radeon Software.
-#Go to [http://www.techpowerup.com/gpuz/ TechPowerUp's website]
-#Download the latest GPU-Z and install.
-#Open GPU-Z
-GPU-Z can give you a lot more information than dxdiag could give you. Also great for monitoring voltages and temperatures.
+'''Please note that overclocking will usually void the warranty and that it increases the chance of a GPU malfunctioning. Overclocking is done at the risk of the user and is not recommended for novices.'''
-==RAM Type==
+==GPU scaling==
-At the moment there are two types of GPU RAM: GDDR3 and GDDR5. GDDR5 offers almost twice the performance compared to GDDR3.
+'''GPU scaling''' allows the GPU to determine how non-native resolutions are displayed on the display. If configured to perform scaling on the '''Display''', the video scaler of the monitor will determine it instead. Some TVs and other non-monitor displays may show black borders on widescreen resolutions. GPU scaling does not affect this; see [[Glossary:Graphics card#Overscan|Overscan]] for solutions, See the [[Glossary:Scaling#GPU/Display scaling|glossary page]] for more information.
-==Multiple GPU==
+==Overscan/Underscan==
-Some graphics cards can be used in tandem with up to 3 other graphics cards to boost the overall output of the cards. With Nvidia cards this technique is called [[SLI]], with AMD/ATI cards it is called [[Crossfire]]. Nvidia's technology requires video cards that are the exact same type (eg. A GTX 560 and another GTX 560). AMD/ATIs technology requires cards from the same series (eg. A HD6970 can be combined with a HD 6950).
+:[[Wikipedia:Overscan|Overscan article on Wikipedia]]
+Overscan and underscan refer to the behavior of certain television sets and displays to show the image incorrectly; typically as a result of misaligned configurations or expectations between the TV/display and the graphics card that sends out the video signal. This is an issue that originates from how early analogue televisions had quite loose manufacturing standards, and the different<ref>[https://mjg59.dreamwidth.org/8705.html TVs are all awful | mjg59]</ref> solution that TV producers came up with to counteract these differences. While the [[Wikipedia:Overscan|overscan article on Wikipedia]] covers the subject in more detail, the importance of it is that the solution that TV producers came up involved adding black borders around the actual image that was sent. So instead of a video signal only containing the intended image to be displayed and nothing else, the signal would also include black borders around said image.
-==Graphics Settings==
+* '''Underscan''' refers to when TVs/displays shows the black borders around the image that was added by the source device to the video signal. The receiving display end up showing these black borders because the black borders were not expected to be a part of the video signal, or the TVs/displays expected the black borders to be smaller than what they are sent as.
-Most games allow graphical settings to be adjusted.
+* '''Overscan''' refers to when TVs/displays crops parts of the actual image. The receiving display does this because it expected additional black borders around the image to be a part of the video signal, but in fact the video signal either did not include black borders at all or the black borders were smaller than expected.
-===Anti-Aliasing===
+The solution to both scenarios is to tweak both or either device so that their configuration matches each other properly. For a crisper result, disable or tweak the settings of the display if at all possible before implementing overscan correction on the graphics card end.
-Also known as AA. The main purpose of AA is to reduce the "jaggies" in a game, the pixelated edges along an object. A slightly more in depth description can be found [http://www.extremetech.com/computing/78546-antialiasing-and-anisotropic-filtering-explained/2 here.]
-===Anisotropic filtering===
+'''How-to's'''
-Also known as AF. The main purpose of AF is to sharpen the appearance of textures that are farther away from the player. It can noticeably increase visual quality, but can also be resource intensive. More information on AF can be found [http://www.extremetech.com/computing/78546-antialiasing-and-anisotropic-filtering-explained/6 here.]
+* [https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/2593/~/how-do-i-setup-my-nvidia-based-graphics-card-to-work-with-my-hdtv%3F NVIDIA cards]
+* [https://superuser.com/a/64264 AMD/ATI]
-===High Dynamic Range===
+==Glide Emulation==
-Also known as HDR. This increases the range of contrast making it much closer to how a human eye sees light.
+The 3Dfx Voodoo card was the first true 3D accelerated video card (prior cards simply increased the number and sizes of available display modes and/or increased the color depth available). It utilized its own unique API known as Glide, which itself was simply a subset of the OpenGL API. Unfortunately after their acquisition by Nvidia, their Glide API was abandoned and Nvidia did little to add support for it. Luckily it can be emulated through various tools:
+* [https://www.zeus-software.com/downloads/nglide nGlide (recommended)]
+* [http://dege.freeweb.hu DgVoodoo 2]
+* [http://www.zeckensack.de/glide/ Zeckensack's Glide Wrapper]
+* [https://sourceforge.net/projects/openglide/ OpenGLide]
-===Tessellation===
+{{References}}
-A newer technique for [[DirectX]] 11. Tessellation uses the GPU to increase the complexity of the polygon mesh. This can infamously be seen in [http://techreport.com/articles.x/21404/2 Crysis 2's concrete slabs].
-===Render Distance===
-Render Distance or View Distance is how far in the game world you can see. This can usually be increased to see farther in the game at the cost of performance. At lower settings, distant areas are covered by fog.
-===V-Sync===
-[V-sync] limits a games frame rate to match that of the monitor in use. This reduces screen tearing effect. For example, a 60 Hz monitor will make V-sync limit the frame rate to 60 frames per second. a 70 Hz screen will be limited to 70 frames per second, etcetera. Sometimes V-Sync will cause mouse lag due to the frames staying in the buffer longer.
-==External links==
-[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit GPU article on Wikipedia]
-[[Category:Hardware]]
-[[Category:Graphics]]
-[[Category:Guide]]